|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
10-25-2020 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Software and package
Management RPM and YUM |
||||||||||||||||||
|
RPM – Redhat Package manager This is used to manage a package – add, remove,
update – not efficient Rpm base Linux – RHEL, OEL, CentOs, Fedora, SuSE The package extension is .rpm |
||||||||||||||||||
|
YUM – Yellowdog, Updater, Modifier Yum is the primary tool for getting, installing,
deleting, querying, and managing RPM software packages |
||||||||||||||||||
|
RPM |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Wuery the installed packages on the system |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qa | sort |
||||||||||||||||||
|
To check detailed specific dteails of package |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qi tree Name :
tree Version :
1.6.0 Release :
10.el7 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Sat 10 Oct 2020 04:37:34 PM EDT Group :
Applications/File Size :
89505 License :
GPLv2+ Signature :
RSA/SHA256, Fri 04 Jul 2014 01:36:46 AM EDT, Key ID 24c6a8a7f Source RPM : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.src.rpm Build Date :
Mon 09 Jun 2014 03:28:53 PM EDT Build Host :
worker1.bsys.centos.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager :
CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> Vendor :
CentOS URL :
http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/ Summary :
File system tree viewer Description : The tree utility recursively displays the contents
of directories in a tree-like format.
Tree is basically a UNIX port of the DOS tree utility. |
||||||||||||||||||
|
View by date |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qa -last | grep tree tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 Sat 10 Oct 2020
04:37:34 PM EDT [root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qa –last |
||||||||||||||||||
|
View the package Location |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -ql tree /usr/bin/tree /usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0 /usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/README /usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz |
||||||||||||||||||
|
View the package documentation |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qld tree /usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/README /usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Check the configuration files of a package |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qlc firewalld /etc/dbus-1/system.d/FirewallD.conf /etc/firewalld/firewalld.conf /etc/firewalld/lockdown-whitelist.xml /etc/sysconfig/firewalld |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Check file or folder belongs to using name |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qf
/etc/firewalld/firewalld.conf firewalld-0.6.3-2.el7.noarch |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Find the documentation using the file name |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qfd /etc/firewalld /usr/share/doc/firewalld-0.6.3/COPYING /usr/share/doc/firewalld-0.6.3/README /usr/share/man/man1/firewall-cmd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/firewall-offline-cmd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/firewalld.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.dbus.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.direct.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.helper.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.icmptype.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.ipset.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.lockdown-whitelist.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.richlanguage.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.service.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.zone.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/firewalld.zones.5.gz |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Query what package provides |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -q --provides
firewalld config(firewalld) = 0.6.3-2.el7 firewalld = 0.6.3-2.el7 [root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -q --provides
tree tree = 1.6.0-10.el7 tree(x86-64) = 1.6.0-10.el7 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Package dependencies |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -q --requires tree libc.so.6()(64bit) libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit) libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit) libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3)(64bit) libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.4)(64bit) libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.4)(64bit) rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1 rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1 rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1 rtld(GNU_HASH) rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) <= 5.2-1 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
To get a list of loactions where the package will be
written – when the packages in downloaded locally |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qlp
firefox-68.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Man pages |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# man rpm |
||||||||||||||||||
|
10-25-2020 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
YUM |
||||||||||||||||||
|
-
YUM uses .rpm
to install packages on RPM base OS [RHEL] -
YUM resolves
dependencies automatically -
YUM uses
repositories < --- centralized location to download software from [org,
universities, companies] -
You can
manitain your own local repo or use from internet -
YUM local repos
is maintained by Administrator -
YUM also has a
concept of group packages -
YUM group
packages contain multiple packages -
Group packages
can be installed and removed a group -
Groups can
contain optional packages -
Installing
group packages is easier and fast -
YUM check preinstalled package – system will not
corrupted if you accidentally install again |
||||||||||||||||||
|
-
Location of
local repo on the system -
/etc/yum.repos.d -
YUM gets the
list of available software packages -
YUM downloads
the pakcges and isntall them using .rpm libraries -
YUM updates RPM
database lcoally afer installation -
*** Installing
using YUM is easy |
||||||||||||||||||
|
If you want to see if the package is savilable |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum provides firefox firefox-68.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 : Mozilla
Firefox Web browser Repo :
updates |
||||||||||||||||||
|
To check the package dependencies |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum deplist firefox | wc -l Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or
run: yum makecache fast 551 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Install using yum |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum install firefox < ---This will install the latest availble packaged/
software Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 1
Package (+83 Dependent packages) Total download size: 126 M Installed size: 324 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Remove package |
||||||||||||||||||
|
This will not remove the dependencies [root@zmpt01 ~]# yum remove firefox –y |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Remove package and Dependencies |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum autoremove firefox –y |
||||||||||||||||||
|
10-31-2020 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Check obsolete packages on your system |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum list obsoletes |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Get the list of packages which are avaible to
install from repo – and still supported |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum --showduplicates list available
firefox.i686
68.5.0-2.el7.centos
base firefox.x86_64
68.5.0-2.el7.centos base firefox.i686
68.6.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.x86_64
68.6.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.i686 68.6.1-1.el7.centos updates firefox.x86_64
68.6.1-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.i686
68.7.0-2.el7.centos
updates firefox.x86_64 68.7.0-2.el7.centos updates firefox.i686
68.8.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.x86_64
68.8.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.i686
68.9.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.x86_64
68.9.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.i686
68.10.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.x86_64
68.10.0-1.el7.centos updates firefox.i686
68.11.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.x86_64
68.11.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.i686
68.12.0-1.el7.centos
updates firefox.x86_64
68.12.0-1.el7.centos
updates < ---if you see package
underline, its installed |
||||||||||||||||||
|
If you want to search the package using term |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum search firefox ============================= N/S matched: firefox
============================= firefox.i686 : Mozilla Firefox Web browser firefox.x86_64 : Mozilla Firefox Web browser |
||||||||||||||||||
|
If you want to list all the packages from repo –
ONLY LATEST PACKAGES |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum list all | grep firefox firefox.x86_64
68.12.0-1.el7.centos
@updates firefox.i686
68.12.0-1.el7.centos
updates |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Install the download only plugin |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]#
yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Download locally specifiying the directory – THIS
WILL ALSO DOWNLOAD THE DEPENDENT PACKAGES |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum install --downloadonly
--downloaddir=. Firefox |
||||||||||||||||||
|
TO CHECK the files and directories updated by the
package |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# rpm -qlp firefox-68.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Reinstall the package – good when package is
corrupted or configuration file is missing |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum reinstall firefox –y <
---from repo [root@zmpt01 ~]# yum reinstall firefox-68.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
–y < --- from local download Yum detects installed files and only install
corrupted files, missing and files and folder [root@zmpt01 lib64]# rm -rf firefox [root@zmpt01 lib64]# yum reinstall
firefox-68.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm -y |
||||||||||||||||||
|
skip package which are causing issue |
||||||||||||||||||
|
--skip-broken
Resolve depsolve problems by
removing packages that are causing
problems from the transaction. [root@zmpt01 ~]# yum install --skip-broken
firefox-68.12.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm -y |
||||||||||||||||||
|
10-31-2020 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
System wide update |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
To see the installed packages |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum list installed
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Check for updates |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum check-updates This will provide the current listed packes that
will updated kernel.x86_64
3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7 updates < ---Careful with the kernel update
– this will system upgrade |
||||||||||||||||||
7.9 kernel 3.10.0-1160 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
You can use this to look at any
package information |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum update –y < ---System Update |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Install 2
Packages Upgrade 141
Packages Total download size: 258 M Complete! |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
NOTE: you can see
new kernel as well as old kernel If you want you can use old kernel if there is issue
after the kernel UPDATE Kernel update is considered as security update – |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Kernel is central component of an operating system that
manages operations of computer and
hardware. It basically manages operations of memory and CPU time. It is core
component of an operating system |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
You can use this to look at any
package information |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Kernel ONLY UPGrade |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
If only kernel update is required – Kernel update is
considered Security Update |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Check for available kernel |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum list available kernel kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7 updates |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Current version |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Update kernel now |
||||||||||||||||||
|
================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: kernel x86_64 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7 updates 50 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1
Package Total download size: 50 M Installed size: 64 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Reboot |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# init 6 The new kernel will be set as default Kernel |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Kernal physical location on Hard disk |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 boot]# pwd /boot [root@zmpt01 boot]# ls -ltrh | grep vm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6.5M Aug 7
2019 vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 < ---Old Kernel -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6.5M Aug 25 13:27
vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 < ---New Kernel -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6.5M Oct 4 15:49
vmlinuz-0-rescue-47384aabe2f84a189b94eba36b48046c < ---Rescue Kernel |
||||||||||||||||||
|
List of installed kernels using awk command |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry
"{print $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64) 7
(Core)
< ---This is position 0 CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) < ---This is position 1 CentOS Linux
(0-rescue-47384aabe2f84a189b94eba36b48046c) 7 (Core) |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Default kernel is set in following file |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# grub2-set-default 1 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Old version is now default |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Change it to new version |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# grub2-set-default 0 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
If you want to set BIOS based or UEFI base GRUB |
||||||||||||||||||
|
BIOS based
system Grub2.mkconfig /boot/grub2/grub.cfg < ----if you see this
file in this folder then it’s a BIOS based OS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UEFI based
system Grub2.mkconfig –o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg < ---if you see this file in this folder
then it’s a UEFI based OS |
||||||||||||||||||
|
10-31-2020 https://youtu.be/Ds7UJ_lLG7s |
||||||||||||||||||
|
GUI Install |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 484M 0
484M 0% /dev tmpfs 496M 0
496M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 496M 6.8M
489M 2% /run tmpfs 496M 0
496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root 14G
1.8G 12G
14% / < ---Size is just about
2GB, at this point its full functioning OS /dev/sda1 1014M 136M
879M 14% /boot tmpfs 100M 0
100M 0% /run/user/0 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
GUI Installation is a major upgrade |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum group install gnome-desktop x11
fonts –y Install 286
Packages (+740 Dependent packages) Upgrade
( 21 Dependent packages) Total download size: 720 M Complete |
||||||||||||||||||
|
11-01-2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxK_uzWrc10 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Reboot |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 < ---Kernel is updated [root@zmpt01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 479M 0
479M 0% /dev tmpfs 496M 0
496M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 496M 7.2M
489M 2% /run tmpfs 496M 0
496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root 14G
4.2G 9.3G
32% / < ---Size of the OS disk increased /dev/sda1 1014M 185M
830M 19% /boot tmpfs 100M 0
100M 0% /run/user/0 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Security updates |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum update --security [root@zmpt01 ~]# yum update-minimal –security |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Group packages |
||||||||||||||||||
|
List of packages which are groouped together,
usually similar packages [root@zmpt01 ~]# yum group list You will ge al list of group packges Example: Security Tools, Development Tools |
||||||||||||||||||
|
List of packages in the group package |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum group info "Development
Tools"
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
If you want to install a group package |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum group install "Development
Tools" |
||||||||||||||||||
|
If you want to update the group package |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum group update "Development
Tools" |
||||||||||||||||||
|
If you want to remvoe the group package |
||||||||||||||||||
|
[root@zmpt01 ~]# yum group remove "Development
Tools" NOTE: There is no autoremove available for group
uninstall |
